{"id":80,"date":"2022-03-31T12:04:27","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T19:04:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/?page_id=80"},"modified":"2022-04-08T12:42:26","modified_gmt":"2022-04-08T19:42:26","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"943\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/q_s361ani_2800_notitle.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-326 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/q_s361ani_2800_notitle.png 943w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/q_s361ani_2800_notitle-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/q_s361ani_2800_notitle-768x495.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/q_s361ani_2800_notitle-465x300.png 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 943px) 100vw, 943px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Deep Earth<\/strong>  We study the behavior of minerals and other materials at high pressure and temperature to better understand the structure, dynamics, and evolution of the Earth&#8217;s interior.  This map of predicted heat flow at the core mantle boundary is from Stackhouse et al., EPSL, 2015.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Earthxs-3-1024x572.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-320 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Earthxs-3-1024x572.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Earthxs-3-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Earthxs-3-768x429.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Earthxs-3-1536x857.png 1536w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Earthxs-3-500x279.png 500w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Earthxs-3.png 1761w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Early Earth<\/strong>  We study the properties of a molten early Earth, try to understand how it crystallized, and what fossil signatures this initially molten state may have left behind.  This cartoon summarizes many of the processes that may occur in the earliest Earth.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:40% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"747\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Bands-1-1024x747.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-298 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Bands-1-1024x747.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Bands-1-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Bands-1-768x560.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Bands-1-1536x1120.png 1536w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Bands-1-2048x1493.png 2048w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Bands-1-411x300.png 411w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>High Pressure Physics and Planetary Physics<\/strong>  The discovery  that the majority of planets are much larger than Earth  challenges our understanding of the fundamental physics of materials at very high pressure and temperature, and how material properties control planetary evolution in our solar system and beyond.  The figure shows how the electronic structure of iron changes up to 1 Gbar pressure (one billion atmospheres), the limit of normal (non-fusing) matter in the universe.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Methods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/My-Movie-crop-trim-1.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">We use <strong>first principles quantum mechanical simulations<\/strong> like the one illustrated in the video to understand many processes including vaporization of the earliest Earth.  The video shows silica liquid vaporizing into a vacuum.  Yellow spheres are silicon atoms and red spheres are oxygen atoms.  You can see oxygen molecules and SiO molecules in the vapor.  Based on Xiao and Stixrude, PNAS, 2018.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"989\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/CPUpperMantle-4-989x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-333 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/CPUpperMantle-4-989x1024.png 989w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/CPUpperMantle-4-290x300.png 290w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/CPUpperMantle-4-768x795.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/CPUpperMantle-4-1483x1536.png 1483w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/CPUpperMantle-4.png 1572w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 989px) 100vw, 989px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">We use <strong>advanced thermodynamic modeling<\/strong> to study the behavior of Earth&#8217;s mantle throughout its history.  The figure shows the heat capacity of Earth&#8217;s mantle over a wide range of pressure and temperature.  The heat capacity, which relates the heat lost by the Earth over time to it&#8217;s interior temperature, changes rapidly where one phase transforms into another, such as wadsleyite (wa) to an assemblages of garnet (gt) and ferropericlase (fp).  From Stixrude end Lithgow-Bertelloni, GJI, 2022.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Research Group<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Leslie_Insixiengmay.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Leslie_Insixiengmay.jpg 600w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Leslie_Insixiengmay-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Leslie_Insixiengmay-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Leslie Insixiengmay, Ph.D. student<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/TravisGilmore.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/TravisGilmore.png 600w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/TravisGilmore-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/TravisGilmore-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Travis Gilmore, Ph.D. student<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/DavidJames.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/DavidJames.jpg 600w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/DavidJames-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/DavidJames-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>David James, Ph.D. student<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/FrancisDragulet-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/FrancisDragulet-3.jpg 600w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/FrancisDragulet-3-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/FrancisDragulet-3-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Francis Dragulet, Ph.D. student<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Jie22-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Jie22-2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Jie22-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Jie22-2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>Jie Deng, Postdoctoral scholar<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Former Group Members<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/bijaya.karki_.jpg.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/bijaya.karki_.jpg.png 240w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/bijaya.karki_.jpg-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><figcaption>Bijaya Karki, Former co-advised Ph.D. Student (Ph.D. 1997) and Post-Doctoral Scholar, now Full Professor and Chair of Computer Science at LSU.  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lsu.edu\/eng\/cse\/people\/faculty\/karki.php\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"156\" height=\"208\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/gerd.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-199\" \/><figcaption>Gerd Steinle Neumann, Former Ph.D. Student (Ph.D. 2001), now Akademischer Rat, University of Bayreuth. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgi-neu.uni-bayreuth.de\/?page=4&amp;lng=en&amp;mode=s&amp;id=100\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"263\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/BorisKiefer.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/BorisKiefer.jpg 263w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/BorisKiefer-250x300.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\" \/><figcaption>Boris Kiefer, Former Ph.D. Student (Ph.D. 2002), now Full Professor at New Mexico State University (Physics). <a href=\"http:\/\/physics.nmsu.edu\/~bkiefer\/\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/larslabred27.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/larslabred27.jpg 576w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/larslabred27-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/larslabred27-450x300.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><figcaption>M. Kathleen Davis, Former Ph.D. Student (Ph.D. 2005) now at Shell Exploration and Production<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"991\" height=\"989\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/CONTCAR_trim.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/CONTCAR_trim.png 991w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/CONTCAR_trim-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/CONTCAR_trim-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/CONTCAR_trim-768x766.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/CONTCAR_trim-301x300.png 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\" \/><figcaption>Sun Ni, Former Ph.D. Student (Ph.D. 2008) now at HSBC Operations Analysis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"270\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/nico-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/nico-2.jpg 270w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/nico-2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/><figcaption>Nico de Koker, Former Ph.D. Student (Ph.D. 2008), now Full Professor at Stellenbosch University (South Africa, Civil Engineering). <a href=\"https:\/\/civeng.sun.ac.za\/staff\/\">Department HomePage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"567\" height=\"567\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/HHe_snap_10k_x05-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/HHe_snap_10k_x05-4.png 567w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/HHe_snap_10k_x05-4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/HHe_snap_10k_x05-4-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><figcaption>Adam Martins, Ph.D. Student (Ph.D. 2015) now Programmer at the UK Met Office<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/james-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/james-1.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/james-1-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><figcaption>James Braithwaite, Former Ph.D. Student (Ph.D. 2018), now Data Analyst, Montreal, Canada<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Lee-Bardon-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Lee-Bardon-2.jpg 512w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Lee-Bardon-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Lee-Bardon-2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption>Lee Bardon, Former Doctoral Student (Master of Philosophy, 2018), now Ph.D. Student, University of Southern California. <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/labs\/levine\/group\/\">USC Group Webpage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"256\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/fred.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-223\" \/><figcaption>Alfred Wilson, Former Ph.D. Student (Ph.D. 2018), now Postdoctoral Scholar at the University of Leeds.  <a href=\"https:\/\/environment.leeds.ac.uk\/see\/staff\/9470\/dr-alfred-wilson\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/evgeny.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/evgeny.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/evgeny-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><figcaption>Evgeny Wassermann, Former Postdoctoral Scholar, now Sr. Technical Lead, Apache Design Solutions.  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/evgeny-wasserman-3693078\">Linkedin<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/don.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225\" width=\"256\" \/><figcaption>Donald Snyder, Former Postdoctoral Scholar, now Senior Physical Scientist, RAND Corporation.  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rand.org\/about\/people\/s\/snyder_don.html\">Homepage<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/patrizia.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/patrizia.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/patrizia-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><figcaption>Patrizia Fumagalli, Former Postdoctoral Scholar, now Associate Professor, University of Milan.  <a href=\"https:\/\/unimi.academia.edu\/PatriziaFumagalli\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/panero.1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/panero.1.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/panero.1-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption>Wendy Panero, Former Postdoctoral Scholar, now Associate Professor at Ohio State University.  <a href=\"https:\/\/u.osu.edu\/panero.1\/\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Mainak-Mookherjee-square.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Mainak-Mookherjee-square.jpg 400w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Mainak-Mookherjee-square-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/Mainak-Mookherjee-square-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption>Mainak Mookherjee, Former Postdoctoral Scholar, now Associate Professor at Florida State University.  <a href=\"https:\/\/myweb.fsu.edu\/mmookherjee\/people.htm\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/stephen.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-233\" width=\"256\" height=\"256\" \/><figcaption>Stephen Stackhouse, Former Postdoctoral Scholar now Associate Professor at University of Leeds.  <a href=\"https:\/\/environment.leeds.ac.uk\/see\/staff\/1551\/dr-stephen-stackhouse\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/david-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/david-768x1025.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/david-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/david.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption>David Mu\u00f1oz Ramo, Former Postdoctoral Scholar now Head of Quantum chemistry at Cambridge Quantum.  <a href=\"https:\/\/cambridgequantum.com\/scientist\/david-munoz-ramo\/\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/roberto.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-235\" width=\"256\" \/><figcaption>Roberto Scipioni, Former Postdoctoral Scholar now in Research Computing at University of Sussex.  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sussex.ac.uk\/profiles\/425028\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fi.linkedin.com\/in\/eero-holmstr\u00f6m-5628381\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/eero.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/eero.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/eero-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Eero Holmstr\u00f6m, Former Postdoctoral Scholar, now Senior Scientist, Natural Resources Institute Finland.  <a href=\"https:\/\/fi.linkedin.com\/in\/eero-holmstr\u00f6m-5628381\">Linkedin<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"256\" height=\"256\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/carlos.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/carlos.jpeg 256w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/carlos-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><figcaption>Carlos Pinilla, Former Postdoctoral Scholar, now Associate Professor, Universidad del Norte, Colombia.  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acofacien.org\/index.php\/base-datos\/docente-detalle?searchword=Carlos%20Pinilla%20Castellanos\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"217\" height=\"256\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/bing.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-240\" \/><figcaption>Bing Xiao, Former Postdoctoral Scholar, now Full Professor at Xi&#8217;an Jiaotong University, China.  <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=1gZvVm4AAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">Google Scholar<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"556\" height=\"589\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/fayalite-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/fayalite-1.png 556w, https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/fayalite-1-283x300.png 283w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px\" \/><figcaption>Hang Cui, Former Postdoctoral Scholar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/gabriella.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-245\" width=\"256\" height=\"256\" \/><figcaption>Gabriella Graziano, Former Postdoctoral Scholar, now Senior Editor at Nature Reviews Chemistry.  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/natrevchem\/editors\">Journal Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2022\/04\/neil.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-246\" \/><figcaption>Former Postdoctoral Scholar, now Lecturer at Queen Mary University (Fluid Mechanics).  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sems.qmul.ac.uk\/staff\/n.cagney\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Deep Earth We study the behavior of minerals and other materials at high pressure and temperature to better understand the structure, dynamics, and evolution of the Earth&#8217;s interior. This map of predicted heat flow at the core mantle boundary is from Stackhouse et al., EPSL, 2015. Early Earth We study the properties of a molten [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-80","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/80","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80"}],"version-history":[{"count":101,"href":"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/80\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":346,"href":"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/80\/revisions\/346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.epss.ucla.edu\/stixrude\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}